Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States, affecting millions of people each year. While the thought of skin cancer can be alarming, early detection and proper skin cancer treatment significantly improve the chances of a full recovery.
Understanding the different types of skin cancer is essential to recognizing potential warning signs and seeking medical care before the disease progresses. Below, we break down the main types of skin cancer, their risks, and why timely treatment is critical.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): The Most Common Type of Skin Cancer
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for nearly 80% of all skin cancer cases. This slow-growing cancer originates in the basal cells, found in the skin's outermost layer. BCC typically appears as a pearly or waxy bump, a flat, flesh-colored lesion, or a sore that doesn’t heal. While it rarely spreads to other parts of the body, untreated BCC can cause significant damage to surrounding tissues and may lead to disfigurement. Fortunately, BCC is highly treatable when detected early, often requiring only minor surgery or topical treatments.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): More Aggressive but Treatable
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer and arises from the squamous cells in the skin’s outer layer. This type often appears as a firm, red nodule or a scaly, crusted lesion that may bleed or ulcerate. SCC can develop anywhere on the body but is most frequently found in sun-exposed areas such as the face, ears, neck, and hands. While SCC is more aggressive than BCC and is more likely to spread, it is still highly treatable when caught early. Treatments include surgical removal, cryotherapy, radiation, or topical chemotherapy.
Melanoma: The Most Dangerous Skin Cancer
Melanoma is considered the most dangerous skin cancer due to its ability to spread rapidly to other organs if not treated promptly. This type of cancer originates in the melanocytes, the cells responsible for skin pigmentation. Melanoma often presents as an irregular, dark-colored mole with uneven borders and can develop anywhere on the body. The ABCDE rule—Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter more prominent than a pencil eraser, and Evolving shape—is a helpful guide for identifying potential melanomas. Early-stage melanoma is highly treatable, often requiring surgical excision. However, once it metastasizes, treatment becomes more complex, involving immunotherapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy.
Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Rare but Aggressive Form
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but highly aggressive form of skin cancer that tends to grow and spread quickly. It often appears as a fast-growing, painless nodule on sun-exposed areas such as the face, neck, or scalp. Because MCC can metastasize rapidly, early detection is critical. Treatment typically includes surgery, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy to prevent recurrence. Given its aggressive nature, a dermatologist should immediately evaluate any suspicious growth.
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP): A Slow-Growing Threat
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is an uncommon form of skin cancer that develops in the deeper layers of the skin. It often starts as a small, firm patch that gradually grows over time. While DFSP rarely spreads to distant organs, it can invade surrounding tissues if left untreated. A biopsy is necessary for accurate diagnosis because DFSP can be mistaken for benign skin conditions. The standard treatment is Mohs micrographic surgery, which completely removal cancerous cells while preserving healthy tissue.
Kaposi Sarcoma: A Cancer Linked to Immune System Weakness
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a rare skin cancer associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). It is more common in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. KS appears as red, purple, or brown patches on the skin or mucous membranes. Unlike other skin cancers, KS affects blood vessels and can involve internal organs. Treatment depends on the extent of the disease and may include radiation, chemotherapy, or antiretroviral therapy for those with HIV/AIDS.
Why You Should Never Delay Skin Cancer Treatment
No matter the type, skin cancer treatment is most effective when the disease is caught early. Ignoring suspicious lesions, moles, or growths can allow the cancer to spread, making treatment more invasive and reducing survival rates. Regular self-examinations and annual skin checks with a dermatologist are crucial for early detection. If you notice any unusual changes in your skin, don’t wait—schedule an appointment with a specialist immediately.
Protecting Yourself Against Skin Cancer
While some risk factors for skin cancer, such as genetics, cannot be changed, there are several ways to lower your chances of developing skin cancer:
- Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 daily.
- Wear protective clothing, hats, and sunglasses when outdoors.
- Seek shade, especially during peak sunlight (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.).
- Avoid indoor tanning beds, which significantly increase skin cancer risk.
- Regularly check your skin for new or changing spots and consult a dermatologist if anything looks suspicious.
Get Help Today
Understanding the different types of skin cancer and their varying levels of severity is key to protecting your health. Whether it’s the most common type of skin cancer, like basal cell carcinoma, or the most dangerous skin cancer like melanoma, early detection, and prompt skin cancer treatment can make all the difference. By staying vigilant and proactive, you can minimize your risk and address any potential skin cancer before it becomes life-threatening.
If you or a loved one are in need of skin cancer treatment or a full body exam to check for any potential skin cancers, don’t hesitate to reach out to our team today! With convenient locations across Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland, we have immediate appointments available. Call us today at (888) 818-DERM or book your appointment online.
